{"id":8031,"date":"2016-11-16T12:34:31","date_gmt":"2016-11-16T10:34:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/?page_id=8031"},"modified":"2016-11-16T12:34:31","modified_gmt":"2016-11-16T10:34:31","slug":"cinsel-yolla-bulasan-enfeksiyonlar-ve-neden-olan-etkenler","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/saglik-merkezi\/genclik-danisma-birimi\/ureme-sagligi\/cinsel-yolla-bulasan-enfeksiyonlar-ve-neden-olan-etkenler\/","title":{"rendered":"Cinsel Yolla Bula\u015fan Enfeksiyonlar ve Neden Olan Etkenler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cinsel Yolla Bula\u015fan Enfeksiyonlar (CYBE), ba\u015fl\u0131ca bula\u015fma yolu, cinsel salg\u0131lar nedeniyle korunmas\u0131z cinsel ili\u015fki olan HIV ve Hepatit-B vir\u00fcs\u00fc de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da bakteri, vir\u00fcs, mantar ve parazitin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 kapsar. Bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak HIV\u2019in neden oldu\u011fu AIDS ve hepatit-B vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu sar\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda, vir\u00fcslerin neden oldu\u011fu cinsel organ si\u011filleri ve u\u00e7uklar\u0131, bakterilerinin neden oldu\u011fu gonore (bel so\u011fuklu\u011fu), frengi, parazitlerin neden oldu\u011fu uyuz, kas\u0131k biti say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu hastal\u0131klardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 tedavi edilebilmekte, AIDS \u00a0gibi baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131nsa tedavisi bug\u00fcn bilinmemektedir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise tedavi edilse dahi daha sonraki ya\u015famda k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k ya da kanser a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Hastal\u0131k etkeni bulunduran biriyle girilen cinsel ili\u015fki sonucu vajina, penis veya an\u00fcsten vajinal, oral ya da anal ili\u015fki ile bula\u015fan mikroplar ya da vir\u00fcsler cinsel organlarda ak\u0131nt\u0131, \u015fi\u015flik, a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131\/a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z yaralar gibi belirtilere neden olabilirlerse de bazen, bula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra hi\u00e7 bir belirti vermeyebilirler. Bu nedenle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen biriyle girilen cinsel ili\u015fkiden hastal\u0131k kapmak ya da kendi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeden ba\u015fkalar\u0131na bula\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. Ak\u0131nt\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kad\u0131nlarda da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve miktar\u0131, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, beyaz ya da sar\u0131 olarak rengi, adet d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc boyunca de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. Erkeklerde herhangi bir ak\u0131nt\u0131, kad\u0131nlarda ise al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ak\u0131nt\u0131 oldu\u011funda hekime ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Cinsel yolla bula\u015fan enfeksiyon etkenleri ili\u015fki s\u0131ras\u0131nda salg\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, herhangi bir nedenle etken bulunduran kan nakli, hasta biri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u011fne ile enjeksiyon, anneden bebe\u011fine kan yoluyla ya da do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda hatta k\u0131smen emzirme ile ge\u00e7ebilir. Yiyecekler ve kaplardan ya da ayn\u0131 ortamda ya\u015famakla bu t\u00fcr hastal\u0131klar bula\u015fmazlar. Cinsel ili\u015fki s\u0131ras\u0131nda erkeklerden kad\u0131nlara hastal\u0131k bula\u015fmas\u0131 cinsel organlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle daha kolayd\u0131r. Birlikte ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla cinsel ili\u015fkide bulunmamalar\u0131 kendilerini ve e\u015flerini bu t\u00fcr hastal\u0131klardan korur. Ancak bireyler daha \u00f6nceki cinsel ili\u015fkilerinden edindikleri bula\u015fmalar\u0131 yeni e\u015flerine ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. Herkes, \u00f6zellikle de \u00e7ok e\u015fli olanlar i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak korunma yolu, her cinsel ili\u015fkide erke\u011fin ya da kad\u0131n\u0131n kondom kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Cinsel Yolla Bula\u015fan Enfeksiyonlarda Her \u0130ki Cinste de G\u00f6r\u00fclebilen Ortak Belirtiler<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 idrar yapma, idrar yaparken g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck, s\u0131k idrara \u00e7\u0131kma.<\/li>\n<li>Cinsel organlarda a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131\/a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131k yaralar ya da kabar\u0131klar.<\/li>\n<li>Cinsel organlarda si\u011fil ve u\u00e7uklar.<\/li>\n<li>Kol ve bacaklarda ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131z k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131klar, d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler.<\/li>\n<li>Cinsel organda kar\u0131ncalanma hissi ya da ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, halsizlik, bulant\u0131, kusma.<\/li>\n<li>Ate\u015f, \u00fc\u015f\u00fcme.<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131zda yaralar.<\/li>\n<li>Kas\u0131klarda \u015fi\u015f ve a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 bezeler.<\/li>\n<li>Deri alt\u0131nda \u015fi\u015flikler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Erkeklerdeki Belirtiler<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Penisten ak\u0131nt\u0131 (ye\u015fil, sar\u0131 renkli) gelmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Kad\u0131nlardaki Belirtiler<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00fczensiz adet kanamas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Kas\u0131k ve\/veya bel a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Her zamankinden farkl\u0131 nitelikte vajinal ak\u0131nt\u0131 (beyaz, grimsi, ye\u015fil, sar\u0131, k\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc, iltihapl\u0131, kokulu)<\/li>\n<li>A\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 ya da g\u00fc\u00e7 cinsel ili\u015fki.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Bebek ve \u00c7ocuklardaki Belirtiler<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00f6z iltihab\u0131, tedavi edilmezse g\u00f6zde yaralara ve k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe yol a\u00e7abilir. Do\u011fumsal sifilizde burun k\u00f6k\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li>Zat\u00fcrre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. \u00a0Cinsel Yolla Bula\u015fan Enfeksiyonlar ve HIV\/AIDS&#8217;in Bula\u015fma Yollar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CYBE cinsel ili\u015fkiyle (oral-anal-vajinal ili\u015fki) ge\u00e7er.<\/li>\n<li>CYBE&#8217;nin di\u011fer bula\u015fma yollar\u0131 ile de ge\u00e7i\u015fi olas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in,\u00a0 v\u00fccudun hastal\u0131kl\u0131 kan i\u00e7eren b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 (meni, vajinal ak\u0131nt\u0131, anne s\u00fct\u00fc vb.) ya da a\u00e7\u0131k yara ve kesiklerle do\u011frudan temas gerekmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>HIV\u2019le ilgili olarak; t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck ve ter gibi di\u011fer v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oranlarda vir\u00fcs i\u00e7erir ve bu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n enfeksiyona sebep oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilememi\u015ftir. Bununla beraber, a\u00e7\u0131k yaralar a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7ine kanama yap\u0131yorsa, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fckteki vir\u00fcs oran\u0131 artabilece\u011finden derin ve \u0131slak \u00f6p\u00fc\u015fme g\u00fcvenli de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca, kanda vir\u00fcs varsa idrar ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 da HIV bulundurabilir. Zedelenmi\u015f deri ile do\u011frudan temasla da bula\u015fma olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Kirli ve kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f enjekt\u00f6rler, ustura b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, di\u015f tedavisi, s\u00fcnnet i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan cerrahi aletlerin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, bula\u015fma olan birinden kan nakli, ayr\u0131ca hamilelikte, do\u011fumda ve anne s\u00fct\u00fcyle\u00a0 baz\u0131 kan yoluyla bula\u015fan\u00a0 CYBE&#8217;nin ve HIV\/AIDS&#8217;in anneden bebe\u011fe ge\u00e7ebildi\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Bir hastal\u0131k etkeniyle bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bireylerin (\u00f6zellikle a\u00e7\u0131k yaralara sebep olan CYBE&#8217;si olanlar) HIV\/AIDS&#8217;e yakalanma olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>CYBE&#8217;nin kimden bula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden saptamak her zaman olas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bula\u015fma, birey bunu bilmeden, fark\u0131na varmadan olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>6. Cinsel Yolla Bula\u015fan Enfeksiyonlar ve HIV\/AIDS A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Belirtilen Yollarla\u00a0Bula\u015fmaz:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b> <\/b>Havadan bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<li><b> <\/b>Birlikte ya\u015fama, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, mutfak malzemeleri, telefon, ka\u011f\u0131t-kalem gibi e\u015fyalar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<li><b> <\/b>Hamam b\u00f6ce\u011fi, kene, tahta kurusu, sivrisinek, karasinek gibi hayvanlar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131rmas\u0131 ile CYBE ve HIV bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<li><b> <\/b>Aks\u0131r\u0131k, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck ve balgamla bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<li><b> <\/b>Ayn\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131t arac\u0131n\u0131 kullanma ya da evcil hayvanlar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131yla bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b>Kan vermeyle bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b>Y\u00fczme havuzu, banyo k\u00fcveti, hamam ve du\u015ftan bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b>\u00c7e\u015fmeler, su i\u00e7ilen musluklar ya da dolaplardan bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b>Kucaklama ya da k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ok\u015fama ile bula\u015fmaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>7. Riski Azaltma<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cinsel ili\u015fkide spermisitli lateks kondom (prezervatif, k\u0131l\u0131f) kullanmak CYBE&#8217;yekar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bir korunma sa\u011flar. Kondom gebelikten korunma konusunda % 100 etkili de\u011fildir, fakat d\u00fczenli ve do\u011fru\u00a0 kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa etkilili\u011fi artar.<\/li>\n<li>CYBE\u2019si oldu\u011fu bilinen biriyle; \u00f6zellikle a\u00e7\u0131k yaralar\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, si\u011filleri, anormal vajinal, \u00fcretral ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya da di\u011fer belirtileri varsa cinsel ili\u015fkide bulunulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyi olan (iyi dinlenen, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 alkol, uyu\u015fturucu ve sigara kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nan, dengeli beslenen; taze sebze ve meyve, tah\u0131l t\u00fcketen) bir ki\u015fi bile enfeksiyona maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman hasta olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar. Bedensel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa dikkat etmek kadar riskli davran\u0131\u015flardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve korunmal\u0131 ya da g\u00fcvenli cinsel ili\u015fki, riski en aza indirebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>8.\u00a0\u00a0 Tedavi<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Baz\u0131 CYBE, sebep olan etkene ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tedavi edilebilirken yani \u00e7aresi varken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 tedavi edilemez.<\/li>\n<li>Tedavi edilebilen gonore, klamidya, frengi, trikomonas gibi CYBE&#8217;de antibiyotikler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130la\u00e7lar\u0131 doktorun gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda, \u00f6nerdi\u011fi s\u00fcre ve dozda e\u015fle birlikte kullanmak gerekir. Aksi halde yarar\u0131 de\u011fil zarar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tedavi edilemeyen yani \u00e7aresi olmayan CYBE&#8217;nin baz\u0131 belirtilerini azaltmak ya da\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 yok etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Fakat bu, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmak demek de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>CYBE&#8217;yi tedavi etmenin en iyi yolu, bir klinikte erken te\u015fhis ve tedavidir. \u00d6zel laboratuvar testleriyle tan\u0131 konulmal\u0131, yay\u0131lmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in olabildi\u011fince \u00e7abuk tedavi edilmelidir. Yeni bir CYBE ya da hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tekrarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, hastan\u0131n cinsel e\u015fi(leri) de izlenmeli ve tedavi edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cKendi kendine ila\u00e7 alma&#8221; CYBE i\u00e7in do\u011fru bir tedavi yolu de\u011fildir. \u0130la\u00e7lar, doktorun \u00f6nerisi do\u011frultusunda kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lac\u0131 kulland\u0131ktan sonraki bir ka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde belirtiler kaybolsa bile t\u00fcm ila\u00e7 bitene kadar ya da re\u00e7eteyle \u00f6nerilen g\u00fcn sonuna kadar ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Doktor kontrol\u00fcne ve izlemlere mutlaka gidilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9.\u00a0\u00a0 HIV\/AIDS Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan bedeninin direncini yok eden vir\u00fcs\u00fcn ad\u0131 HIV (Human Immundeficiency Virus) dir ve sebep oldu\u011fu bir grup hastal\u0131k belirtisi AIDS (Acquired Immun Deficiency Syndrom) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. HIV insan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini etkiler. B\u00f6ylece v\u00fccut normalde sava\u015fabilece\u011fi belirli enfeksiyonlar ve kanserlerle sava\u015famaz.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fccuduna HIV girmi\u015f insanlar di\u011fer CYBE&#8217;de oldu\u011fu gibi belirtisiz ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmde olabilirler. Ki\u015filer bunu bilmeden ba\u015fka insanlara \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekilde hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayabilirler. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n pencere, kulu\u00e7ka ve AIDS d\u00f6nemi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HIV\u00a0 <u>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03 ay\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>HIV\u00a0 <u>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02-10 Y\u0131l\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u><\/strong><strong>AIDS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<br \/>\n<\/strong>ile bula\u015fma\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (pencere d\u00f6nemi)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kan testi ile belirlenme\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (kulu\u00e7ka)<\/p>\n<p>HIV ta\u015f\u0131yan bir insan, AIDS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fmeden \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda bir belirti olmadan vir\u00fcs\u00fc di\u011fer insanlara bula\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<p>AIDS&#8217;in belirtileri, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ba\u015fka hastal\u0131klarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen belirtilerle kar\u0131\u015fabilir. Bu nedenle ger\u00e7ek tan\u0131 kan testleri (ELIZA) kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu testler, mutlaka bir klinikte, dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k al\u0131narak yapt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ev testlerine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmemektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cinsel Yolla Bula\u015fan Enfeksiyonlar (CYBE), ba\u015fl\u0131ca bula\u015fma yolu, cinsel salg\u0131lar nedeniyle korunmas\u0131z cinsel ili\u015fki olan HIV ve Hepatit-B vir\u00fcs\u00fc de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da bakteri, vir\u00fcs, mantar ve parazitin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 kapsar. Bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak HIV\u2019in neden oldu\u011fu AIDS ve hepatit-B vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu sar\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda, vir\u00fcslerin neden [\u2026] <\/p>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"more_link clearfix\" href=\"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/saglik-merkezi\/genclik-danisma-birimi\/ureme-sagligi\/cinsel-yolla-bulasan-enfeksiyonlar-ve-neden-olan-etkenler\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7977,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8031","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8031"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8031\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8032,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8031\/revisions\/8032"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}