{"id":8022,"date":"2016-11-15T16:42:29","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T14:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/?page_id=8022"},"modified":"2017-10-05T17:30:25","modified_gmt":"2017-10-05T14:30:25","slug":"gebeligin-olusmasi-ve-dogum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/saglik-merkezi\/genclik-danisma-birimi\/ureme-sagligi\/gebeligin-olusmasi-ve-dogum\/","title":{"rendered":"Gebeli\u011fin Olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve Do\u011fum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cinsel ili\u015fki s\u0131ras\u0131nda vajinaya bo\u015falan s\u0131v\u0131da bulunan spermlerden biri rahim t\u00fcplerindeki yumurta ile birle\u015firse \u201cd\u00f6llenme\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. D\u00f6llenen yumurta \u00e7o\u011falarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yumak haline gelir. Bu s\u0131rada rahim duvar\u0131 anne karn\u0131ndaki bebe\u011fi besleyebilmek i\u00e7in kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Sonradan bebek haline gelecek h\u00fccre yuma\u011f\u0131, beslenmek i\u00e7in rahim duvar\u0131 i\u00e7ine g\u00f6m\u00fclerek burada geli\u015fimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bebek ilk haftalarda bu \u015fekilde ya\u015far, daha sonra annenin hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle rahim kas\u0131 i\u00e7inde annenin damarlar\u0131 ve bebe\u011fin h\u00fccrelerinden olu\u015fan bir alan, e\u015f (plasenta) olu\u015fur. E\u015f, ortalama 280 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir gebelik s\u00fcresince bir kordonla, su kesesi i\u00e7inde rahimde ya\u015fayan bebe\u011fin g\u00f6be\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, onun anne karn\u0131ndan beslenip geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar. Gebelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda adet g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n<p>Gebelikte rahim yumu\u015far ve giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Gebelik do\u011fal bir olayd\u0131r, ancak bu d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131n v\u00fccudunun i\u015fleyi\u015fi olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fir ve bu de\u011fi\u015fim b\u00fct\u00fcn organlar\u0131 etkiler. Gebelik \u00f6ncesinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 50-60 gr ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir yumruk kadar olan rahmin gebelik sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1,5 kg olur. Boyutlar\u0131 bir bebe\u011fi ve onun su kesesini bar\u0131nd\u0131racak kadar artar. Bu geli\u015fmeler kad\u0131n\u0131n gebelik s\u00fcresince bebe\u011fin ve e\u015finin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte toplam 10-14 kilo almas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Gebeli\u011fin D\u00f6nemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gebelik yumurtan\u0131n d\u00f6llenmesiyle ba\u015flayan ve 38-42 hafta yani 9 ay 10 g\u00fcn kadar sonra do\u011fumla bebe\u011fin d\u00fcnyaya gelmesi \u015feklinde sonlanmas\u0131 beklenen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/li>\n<li>Gebeli\u011fin ilk 3-4 ay\u0131, genellikle d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015ften fark edilmeyen ancak, gebenin adet g\u00f6rmemesi, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerde gerginlik ve hassasiyet, kimi zaman yo\u011fun bulant\u0131, hatta kusma, beslenme, uyku ve hareket de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle kendini belli eden bir d\u00f6nemdir. Gebenin ve bebe\u011fin yeni ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131na al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 aylar\u0131 bir uyum s\u00fcrecidir. Bebe\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp geli\u015fmesi ve gebeli\u011fin ilerlemesine ili\u015fkin sorunlar varsa, bu d\u00f6nemde gebelik kendili\u011finden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckle sonlan\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde hen\u00fcz rahme yerle\u015femeden pek \u00e7ok d\u00f6llenmi\u015f yumurta da at\u0131labilir. Bunlar fark\u0131nda olunmayan gebelik kay\u0131plar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dc\u00e7er ayl\u0131k d\u00f6nemler olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, 1nci ve 2nci d\u00f6nemleri sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7iren gebe kad\u0131n ve bebek daha g\u00fcvenli bir evreye kavu\u015fmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bebek art\u0131k, amniyon denilen ve s\u0131v\u0131 dolu bir kesenin i\u00e7inde, annesinin rahim duvar\u0131na plasenta adl\u0131 bir organa g\u00f6bek kordonuyla ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u015famakta ve geli\u015fimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Hareket yetene\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>3nc\u00fc ve son d\u00f6nem art\u0131k bebe\u011fin kendi ya\u015famsal dokular\u0131n\u0131 ve organlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere donan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, bu d\u00f6nemde \u201cerken do\u011fan\u201d bebeklerin hayatta kalma \u015fanslar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Anne 10-14 kg. daha a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yaln\u0131z kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde de\u011fil, kal\u00e7a ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerinde de geni\u015fleme ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme olmu\u015ftur. Memeler, bebe\u011fi beslemek i\u00e7in s\u00fct yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flamaya haz\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Do\u011fum<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Genellikle gebeli\u011fin 40. haftas\u0131 civar\u0131nda bebek anne karn\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmesini tamamlay\u0131p kendi kendine ya\u015fayabilecek hale gelince do\u011fuma haz\u0131r olur. Son haftalarda bebek rahim i\u00e7inde art\u0131k yeterince rahat ve geni\u015f yer bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fum kanal\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tam olgunlu\u011fa eri\u015fmi\u015f bebek, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 rahim boynuna bast\u0131rarak adeta d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alar. Do\u011fum, \u00f6nce rahmin d\u00fczenli kas\u0131lmalar\u0131 sonucu rahim a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n incelerek a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Bu s\u0131rada, j\u00f6lemsi bir salg\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k, az miktarda bir kanama olur, buna \u201cni\u015fan\u201d denir. Kas\u0131lmalar \u00f6ylesine \u015fiddetlidir ki sanc\u0131 olarak hissedilir. Ortalama 12 saat kadar s\u00fcrebilir ve bebe\u011fi rahim boynundan ge\u00e7ecek \u015fekilde ilerletir. Rahim boynu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle geni\u015fledi\u011finde amniyon kesesi y\u0131rt\u0131larak i\u00e7indeki s\u0131v\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 bo\u015fal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Art\u0131k do\u011fum t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yirmi dakika ile bir saat i\u00e7inde bebek rahim boynunu a\u015far ve vajinay\u0131 ge\u00e7er, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. B\u00f6ylece bebek d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir. Bebe\u011fin t\u00fcm gebelik boyunca plasenta ile ili\u015fkisini sa\u011flayan g\u00f6bek kordonu, bebek do\u011funca kesilerek ba\u011flan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bebek annesinin bedeninden tamamen ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/li>\n<li>Son olarak do\u011fumun ard\u0131ndan 10-15 dakika i\u00e7inde rahim kas\u0131larak art\u0131k g\u00f6revi kalmayan plasentay\u0131 da d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atar ve do\u011fum s\u00fcreci tamamlan\u0131r. Halk aras\u0131nda plasenta i\u00e7in \u201ce\u015f\u201d deyi\u015fi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Do\u011fum eyleminin bu son a\u015famas\u0131 \u201ce\u015fin gelmesi\u201d olarak bilinir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gebelik s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve do\u011fumda annenin \u00e7evresindekiler taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmesi rahatlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bebe\u011fin do\u011fumundan sonra pek \u00e7ok kad\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, korku ve endi\u015fe duyabilir. Bu duygular annenin do\u011fum sonras\u0131, al\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemine ait duygulard\u0131r. E\u011fer iki haftadan uzun s\u00fcreli olursa dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k almak i\u00e7in bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funa ba\u015fvurmak yararl\u0131 olur. \u00d6nceki gebelikle aradaki s\u00fcre iki y\u0131ldan azsa, annenin gebelik say\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6rtten fazla ise, anne 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan gen\u00e7 ya da 35 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ise gebeliklerinde sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma riski artar. Annede, kans\u0131zl\u0131k, erken ve ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckleri, gebelik zehirlenmesi, zor do\u011fum, do\u011fum sonras\u0131 kanamalar\u0131, rahimde par\u00e7a kalmas\u0131, iltihaplanmalar, rahim a\u011fz\u0131nda y\u0131rt\u0131lmalar ve \u00f6l\u00fcm olabilir. Bebekte olabilecekler ise; anne karn\u0131nda iyi beslenememe ve geli\u015fememe, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck do\u011fum a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 zay\u0131f ve c\u0131l\u0131z bebek, erken do\u011fum, \u00f6l\u00fc do\u011fumdur. Kad\u0131n\u0131n gebe oldu\u011fu kesinle\u015ftikten sonra d\u00fczenli olarak bir doktor ya da ebe\/hem\u015fire taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmesi gebelik s\u00fcresince en az bir kez tetanoz a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 ve do\u011fumun mutlaka bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi anne ve \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gereklidir.<\/p>\n<p>Gebelik d\u00f6neminde sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131, anne karn\u0131ndaki bebe\u011fin iyi geli\u015fememesine ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kilolu olmas\u0131na neden olur. Y\u00fcksek tansiyon, kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6brek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, verem, \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, guatr, kanser gibi baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar, gebeli\u011fi hem anne hem de bebek i\u00e7in tehlikeli hale sokarlar. Bu t\u00fcr hastal\u0131klar\u0131 olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n mutlaka gebe kalmadan \u00f6nce bir hekimle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ve gebelik i\u00e7in uygun zaman\u0131 hekimin tavsiyesi ile se\u00e7meleri gerekir. Gebelik kontrolleri ve do\u011fumlar\u0131 da mutlaka hastanede yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 gebelikler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckle sonu\u00e7lanabilir. Gebelikte lekelenme tarz\u0131nda ya da a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z kanama, kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ya da krampla birlikte kanama, y\u00fczde ve kollarda, bacaklarda aniden \u015fi\u015fme, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, \u015fiddetli ba\u015fa\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, y\u00fcksek ate\u015f, \u015fiddetli kusma, k\u00f6t\u00fc kokulu ak\u0131nt\u0131 gibi belirtilerden bir veya birka\u00e7\u0131 oldu\u011funda zaman kaybetmeden bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funa ba\u015fvurmak gerekmektedir. A\u011fr\u0131 ya da kanama olmaks\u0131z\u0131n vajinadan s\u0131v\u0131 bo\u015falmas\u0131 da acil ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in bir uyar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00e7evrede size yak\u0131n olan \u00fcreme sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve aile planlamas\u0131 hizmeti veren sa\u011fl\u0131k ocaklar\u0131, ana-\u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezleri, devlet ve sigorta hastaneleri, \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131, muayenehaneler ile g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kurulu\u015flar\u0131n kliniklerinden hizmet alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cinsel ili\u015fki s\u0131ras\u0131nda vajinaya bo\u015falan s\u0131v\u0131da bulunan spermlerden biri rahim t\u00fcplerindeki yumurta ile birle\u015firse \u201cd\u00f6llenme\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. D\u00f6llenen yumurta \u00e7o\u011falarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yumak haline gelir. Bu s\u0131rada rahim duvar\u0131 anne karn\u0131ndaki bebe\u011fi besleyebilmek i\u00e7in kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Sonradan bebek haline gelecek h\u00fccre yuma\u011f\u0131, beslenmek i\u00e7in rahim duvar\u0131 i\u00e7ine g\u00f6m\u00fclerek burada geli\u015fimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bebek [\u2026] <\/p>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"more_link clearfix\" href=\"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/saglik-merkezi\/genclik-danisma-birimi\/ureme-sagligi\/gebeligin-olusmasi-ve-dogum\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7977,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8022","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8022"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10685,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8022\/revisions\/10685"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/w3.bilkent.edu.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}